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Types
of Magnetic Levitation
There are two basic types of maglev - electromagnetic suspension
(EMS) and electrodynamic suspension (EDS). EMS depends on
attractive force. Electromagnets on the vehicle are drawn
toward a pair of steel rails. Most of the vehicle rides above
the rails but the magnets wrap beneath the rail. As the magnets
pull the vehicle upward, their current is electromagnetically
regulated to maintain a constant gap between the rails and
the vehicle. EDS, on the other hand, is based on repulsive
force. The vehicle contains superconducting magnets that induce
a repulsive force in a conducting guide way as the vehicle
moves along it. Superconducting electromagnets are much more
powerful than ordinary electromagnets. West Germany and Japan
have successfully tested maglev systems. The West German maglev
system uses conventional electromagnets (EMS). The Japanese
prototype uses superconducting electromagnets (EDS).
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